Inadecuación de micronutrientes en adolescentes y adultos argentinos de población urbana. Resultados de estudio latinoamericano de nutrición y salud (ELANS) / Inadequancy of micronutrients in argentine adolescents and adults from the urban population. Results of the Latin Amercan study of nutritio and health (ELANS)

Introducción: conocer la deficiencia de micronutrientes en la ingesta es imprescindible para desarrollar estrategias de intervención y para evaluar programas destinados a mejorar el estado nutricional. Objetivos: determinar el consumo y la inadecuación de la ingesta de hierro, calcio, zinc, ácido fólico y vitaminas A, B12, C,D y E en la dieta de la población argentina. Materiales y métodos: la muestra fue de 1.266 individuos (población urbana 15-65 años), estratificada por región, edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico (NSE). Los datos de ingesta fueron recolectados con dos recordatorios de 24 horas (R24). Resultados: el riesgo relativo (RR) de inadecuación de ingesta de calcio, ácido fólico y vitamina B12 fue mayor para las mujeres. El consumo y la inadecuación de hierro mostraron diferencias significativas por sexo (0,3% hombres, 11% mujeres). La inadecuación de vitamina D fue casi del 100% para toda la muestra. Todos los grupos etarios presentaron alta inadecuación de calcio y vitaminas C, A y D. Adolescentes, adultos mayores de 50 años y población de NSE bajo presentaron mayor RR de inadecuación de calcio (1,18; 1,21 y 1,17 respectivamente). Se observó una disminución significativa de la media de consumo de calcio (mg) (856,4; 770,5; 745,3), vitaminas A (mcg) (643,6; 601,8; 536,2), C (mg) (54,2; 52,3; 44,8) y D (mcg) (3,7; 3,7; 3,2) al disminuir el NSE. La inadecuación en calcio aumentó significativamente con el índice de masa corporal. Conclusiones: mejorar la ingesta de micronutrientes a través de políticas públicas sobre educación alimentaria y desarrollo científico es una prioridad de salud pública

Introduction: knowing the deficiency of micronutrients intake is essential to develop intervention strategies and to evaluate programs aimed at improving nutritional status. Objectives: to determine the consumption and inadequacy of the intake of iron, calcium, zinc, folic acid and vitamins A, B12, C, D and E, in the diet of the Argentine population. Materials and methods: the sample consisted of 1,266 individuals (urban population 15-65 years old), stratified by region, age, sex and socioeconomic level (SEL). Intake data was collected with two 24-hour reminders (R24). Results: the relative risk (RR) of inadequate intake of calcium, folic acid, and vitamin B12 was higher for women. Iron consumption and inadequacy showed significant differences by sex (0.3% men, 11% women). Vitamin D inadequacy was almost 100% for the entire sample. All age groups presented high prevalence of inadequacy in calcium and vitamins C, A and D. Adolescents, adults over 50 years and the low SEL population presented a higher RR of calcium inadequacy (1.18, 1.21 and 1.17, respectively). A significant decrease in the average consumption of calcium (mg) (856.4, 770.5, 745.3), vitamins A (mcg) (643.6, 601.8, 536.2), C (mg) (54.2, 52.3, 44.8) and D (mcg) (3.7, 3.7, 3.2) was observed as the SEL decreased. Calcium inadequacy increased significantly with the body mass index. Conclusions: improving the intake of deficient micronutrients through public policies based on food education and scientific development is a public health priority

Anthropometric Profile of Latin American Population: Results From the ELANS Study.

Background: Latin America has experienced changes in lifestyle since 1960. Aim: The aim was to determine the prevalence of obesity and stunting among eight countries of Latin American and to identify the determinant risk factors for obesity. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from 9,218 participants of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a multicenter cross-sectional study of the representative samples in eight Latin American countries. All the participants completed a standard protocol to investigate the nutrient intake and anthropometric variables (weight, height, and circumferences) analyzed by country, gender, age, and socioeconomic status. Results: The prevalence of obesity was higher in Costa Rica and Venezuela (29%) and lower in Colombia (16%), stunting was reported higher in Peru (47%) and lower in Argentina (17%), and waist and neck circumferences showed the higher values in Costa Rica (43%) and Chile (52%) and lower values in Colombia (23 and 26%). Conclusion: This study indicates an increasing trend toward overweight and obesity that are associated with lower socioeconomic status, being a woman, and concurs with inadequate intakes of calcium, which may be related to poor quality diet and in the long term could constitute risk factors for the chronic diseases and a health burden to the region.

La pobreza como determinante de la calidad alimentaria en Argentina. Resultados del Estudio Argentino de Nutrición y Salud (EANS) / Poverty as a determinant of food quality in Argentina. Results of the Argentine Study of Nutrition and Health (EANS)

Introducción: las diferencias socioeconómicas acarrean desigualdades alimentarias y nutricionales. La dieta es un factor de riesgo modificable con acciones de salud pública, camino a la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: estimar las desigualdades alimentarias en Argentina en función del nivel socioeconómico de la población, analizando el consumo de distintos grupos de alimentos. Métodos: datos argentinos del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud. Muestra: 1266 individuos estratificados por género, nivel socioeconómico y región geográfica. Ingesta: 2 recordatorios de 24 horas con técnica de pasos múltiples. Análisis: con el NDS Software se analizaron los valores medios de consumo de 11 grupos de alimentos por nivel socioeconómico y región del país. Resultados: la población con menor nivel socioeconómico consume significativamente menos frutas, verduras y lácteos que la población de nivel medio y alto. Frutas: 59 vs. 79,1 y 106,3 g/d, respectivamente; p = 0,000. Verduras: 82,3 vs. 112 y 118 g/d; p = 0,000. Lácteos: 114 vs. 165 y 137 g/d; p = 0,000). Por el contrario, consume un mayor volumen de refrescos y jugos industriales (680 ml/d vs. 527 y 590 ml/d, respectivamente; p = 0,000), infusiones con azúcar agregada (568 ml/d vs. 385 y 309 ml/d; p = 0,000), pan (85 g/d vs. 75,5 y 66,7 g/d; p = 0,012) y bollería (159 g/d vs. 147 y 122 g/d; p = 0,008). Conclusiones: la vulnerabilidad social es un determinante importante de la calidad de la dieta. Intervenciones diseñadas para reducir las desigualdades sociales vinculadas a la nutrición y la salud resultan imprescindibles

Introduction: socio-economic differences lead to food and nutritional inequalities. Diet is a modifiable risk factor by public health activities, on the way to the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: to estimate food inequalities in Argentina based on the socioeconomic level of the population, analyzing the consumption of different food groups. Methods: Argentine data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. Sample: 1,266 individuals stratified by gender, socioeconomic level and geographic region. Intake: 2 24-hour reminders with the multi-step technique. Analysis: with the NDS Software average consumption values of 11 food groups were analyzed by socioeconomic level and country region. Results: the population with lower socioeconomic status consumes significantly less fruits, vegetables and dairy products than the population with medium to high socioeconomic level. Fruits: 59 vs. 79.1 and 106.3 g/d, respectively; p = 0.000. Vegetables: 82.3 g/d vs. 112 and 118 g/d; p = 0.000. Dairy products: 114 g/d vs. 165 and 137 g/d; p = 0.000). On the contrary, it consumes a greater volume of soft drinks and industrial juices (680 mL/d vs. 527 and 590 mL/d, respectively; p = 0.000), infusions with added sugar (568 mL/d vs. 385 and 309 mL/d; p = 0.000), bread (85 g/d vs. 75.5 and 66.7 g/d; p = 0.012) and pastries (159 g/d vs. 147 and 122 g/d; p = 0.008). Conclusions: Social vulnerability is an important determinant for diet quality. Interventions designed to reduce social inequalities as linked to nutrition and health are essential

[Poverty as a determinant of food quality in Argentina. Results of the Argentine Study of Nutrition and Health (EANS)]. / La pobreza como determinante de la calidad alimentaria en Argentina. Resultados del Estudio Argentino de Nutrición y Salud (EANS).

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: socio-economic differences lead to food and nutritional inequalities. Diet is a modifiable risk factor by public health activities, on the way to the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: to estimate food inequalities in Argentina based on the socioeconomic level of the population, analyzing the consumption of different food groups. Methods: Argentine data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. Sample: 1,266 individuals stratified by gender, socioeconomic level and geographic region. Intake: 2 24-hour reminders with the multi-step technique. Analysis: with the NDS Software average consumption values of 11 food groups were analyzed by socioeconomic level and country region. Results: the population with lower socioeconomic status consumes significantly less fruits, vegetables and dairy products than the population with medium to high socioeconomic level. Fruits: 59 vs. 79.1 and 106.3 g/d, respectively; p = 0.000. Vegetables: 82.3 g/d vs. 112 and 118 g/d; p = 0.000. Dairy products: 114 g/d vs. 165 and 137 g/d; p = 0.000). On the contrary, it consumes a greater volume of soft drinks and industrial juices (680 mL/d vs. 527 and 590 mL/d, respectively; p = 0.000), infusions with added sugar (568 mL/d vs. 385 and 309 mL/d; p = 0.000), bread (85 g/d vs. 75.5 and 66.7 g/d; p = 0.012) and pastries (159 g/d vs. 147 and 122 g/d; p = 0.008). Conclusions: Social vulnerability is an important determinant for diet quality. Interventions designed to reduce social inequalities as linked to nutrition and health are essential.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: las diferencias socioeconómicas acarrean desigualdades alimentarias y nutricionales. La dieta es un factor de riesgo modificable con acciones de salud pública, camino a la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: estimar las desigualdades alimentarias en Argentina en función del nivel socioeconómico de la población, analizando el consumo de distintos grupos de alimentos. Métodos: datos argentinos del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud. Muestra: 1266 individuos estratificados por género, nivel socioeconómico y región geográfica. Ingesta: 2 recordatorios de 24 horas con técnica de pasos múltiples. Análisis: con el NDS Software se analizaron los valores medios de consumo de 11 grupos de alimentos por nivel socioeconómico y región del país. Resultados: la población con menor nivel socioeconómico consume significativamente menos frutas, verduras y lácteos que la población de nivel medio y alto. Frutas: 59 vs. 79,1 y 106,3 g/d, respectivamente; p = 0,000. Verduras: 82,3 vs. 112 y 118 g/d; p = 0,000. Lácteos: 114 vs. 165 y 137 g/d; p = 0,000). Por el contrario, consume un mayor volumen de refrescos y jugos industriales (680 ml/d vs. 527 y 590 ml/d, respectivamente; p = 0,000), infusiones con azúcar agregada (568 ml/d vs. 385 y 309 ml/d; p = 0,000), pan (85 g/d vs. 75,5 y 66,7 g/d; p = 0,012) y bollería (159 g/d vs. 147 y 122 g/d; p = 0,008). Conclusiones: la vulnerabilidad social es un determinante importante de la calidad de la dieta. Intervenciones diseñadas para reducir las desigualdades sociales vinculadas a la nutrición y la salud resultan imprescindibles.

Main sources of added sugars in Argentina.

The high consumption of added sugars in the diet of the Argentine population and its consequent effect on health are current concerns both at the clinical and public health levels. The objective of this study was to determine the main sources of added sugars in the Argentine diet and to determine the proportional energy contribution of each of them. The sample consisted of 1266 individuals, representative of the country's urban population from 15 to 65 years old, stratified by region, age, gender and socio-economic level. Two 24-hour intake records and one socio-economic questionnaire were carried out. Among the total food and beverages consumed, 26.9% of added sugars was contributed by soft drinks and 23.8% by infusions. The third place, with 15.4%, was obtained by baked goods (bread, cookies, etc.) and the fourth, with 12%, from ready-to-prepare juices, ahead of sweets, candies and dairy products. Men, compared to women, consumed significantly more added sugars in soft drinks (32.6 vs. 22.1%) and women more in infusions (25.5% vs. 21.8%), baked goods, sugar and honey. The lower income population consumed significantly more sugar in infusions at the expense of "mate" (21.4 vs. 7 g/day) and no differences were observed in the consumption of soft drinks by socio-economic level (32.9 vs. 34.4 g/day). Urgent measures based on education could improve the consumption habits of added sugars and the health of the population.

El alto consumo de azúcares añadidos en la dieta de la población argentina y su consecuente efecto sobre la salud son preocupaciones actuales tanto a nivel clínico como de salud pública. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en determinar las principales fuentes de azúcares añadidos de la dieta argentina y determinar el aporte proporcional de energía de cada una de ellas. La muestra consistió en 1266 individuos, representativa de la población urbana del país de 15 a 65 años y estratificada por región, edad, género y nivel socioeconómico. Se efectuaron dos recordatorios de ingesta de 24 horas y un cuestionario de nivel socioeconómico. Entre el total de alimentos y bebidas consumidos, el 26.9% del azúcar lo aportaron las gaseosas y el 23.8% las infusiones. El tercer lugar, con 15.4%, provino de los panificados (pan, galletitas, facturas) y el cuarto, con 12%, de jugos listos para preparar, por delante de los dulces, golosinas y lácteos. Los hombres, en comparación con las mujeres consumieron significativamente más azúcares añadidos en gaseosas (32.6 vs. 22.1%) y las mujeres más en infusiones (25.5% vs. 21.8), panificados, azúcar y miel. La población de menores recursos consumió significativamente más azúcar en infusiones a expensas del mate (21.4 vs. 7 g/día) y no se observaron diferencias en el consumo de gaseosas por nivel socioeconómico (32.9 vs. 34.4 g/día). Urgentes medidas basadas en la educación podrían mejorar los hábitos de consumo de azúcares y la salud de la población.

Main sources of added sugar in Argentina

The high consumption of added sugars in the diet of the Argentine population and its consequent effect on health are current concerns both at the clinical and public health levels. The objective of this study was to determine the main sources of added sugars in the Argentine diet and the proportional energy contribution of each of them. The sample consisted of 1266 individuals, representative of the country's urban population from 15 to 65 years old, stratified by region, age, gender and socio-economic level. Two 24-hour dietary recalls and one socio-economic questionnaire were carried out. Among the total food and beverages consumed by Argentines, 26.9% of added sugars were provided by soft drinks and 23.8% by infusions. The third place, with 15.4%, came from baked goods (bread, cookies, etc.) and the fourth, with 12%, from ready-to-prepare juices, ahead of sweets and candies and dairy products. Men, compared to women, consumed significantly more added sugars in soft drinks (32.6 vs. 22.1%), while women consumed more added sugars in infusions (25.5 vs. 21.8%), baked goods, sugar and honey. The lower income population consumed significantly more sugar in infusions at the expense of "mate" (21.4 vs. 7 g/day), while no differences were observed in the consumption of soft drinks by socio-economic level (32.9 vs. 34.4 g/day). Urgent measures based on education could improve the consumption habits of added sugars and the health of the population.

El alto consumo de azúcares añadidos en la dieta de la población argentina y su consecuente efecto sobre la salud son preocupaciones actuales tanto a nivel clínico como de salud pública. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en determinar las principales fuentes de azúcares añadidos de la dieta argentina y determinar el aporte proporcional de energía de cada una de ellas. La muestra consistió en 1266 individuos, representativa de la población urbana del país de 15 a 65 años y estratificada por región, edad, género y nivel socioeconómico. Se efectuaron dos recordatorios de ingesta de 24 horas y un cuestionario de nivel socioeconómico. Entre el total de alimentos y bebidas consumidos por los argentinos el 26.9% del azúcar lo aportaron las gaseosas y el 23.8% las infusiones. El tercer lugar, con 15.4%, provino de los panificados (pan, galletitas, facturas) y el cuarto, con 12%, de jugos listos para preparar, por delante de los dulces y golosinas y lácteos. Los hombres, en comparación con las mujeres consumieron significativamente más azúcares añadidos en gaseosas (32.6 vs. 22.1%) y las mujeres más en infusiones (25.5 vs. 21.8%), panificados, azúcar y miel. La población de menores recursos consumió significativamente más azúcar en infusiones a expensas del mate (21.4 vs. 7 g/día) y no se observaron diferencias en el consumo de gaseosas por nivel socioeconómico (32.9 vs. 34.4 g/día). Urgentes medidas basadas en la educación podrían mejorar los hábitos de consumo de azúcares y la salud de la población.

Principales fuentes de azúcares de adición en Argentina / Main sources of added sugars in Argentina

El alto consumo de azúcares añadidos en la dieta de la población argentina y su consecuente efecto sobre la salud son preocupaciones actuales tanto a nivel clínico como de salud pública. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en determinar las principales fuentes de azúcares añadidos de la dieta argentina y determinar el aporte proporcional de energía de cada una de ellas. La muestra consistió en 1266 individuos, representativa de la población urbana del país de 15 a 65 años y estratificada por región, edad, género y nivel socioeconómico. Se efectuaron dos recordatorios de ingesta de 24 horas y un cuestionario de nivel socioeconómico. Entre el total de alimentos y bebidas consumidos, el 26.9% del azúcar lo aportaron las gaseosas y el 23.8% las infusiones. El tercer lugar, con 15.4%, provino de los panificados (pan, galletitas, facturas) y el cuarto, con 12%, de jugos listos para preparar, por delante de los dulces, golosinas y lácteos. Los hombres, en comparación con las mujeres consumieron significativamente más azúcares añadidos en gaseosas (32.6 vs. 22.1%) y las mujeres más en infusiones (25.5% vs. 21.8), panificados, azúcar y miel. La población de menores recursos consumió significativamente más azúcar en infusiones a expensas del mate (21.4 vs. 7 g/día) y no se observaron diferencias en el consumo de gaseosas por nivel socioeconómico (32.9 vs. 34.4 g/día). Urgentes medidas basadas en la educación podrían mejorar los hábitos de consumo de azúcares y la salud de la población.

The high consumption of added sugars in the diet of the Argentine population and its consequent effect on health are current concerns both at the clinical and public health levels. The objective of this study was to determine the main sources of added sugars in the Argentine diet and to determine the proportional energy contribution of each of them. The sample consisted of 1266 individuals, representative of the country's urban population from 15 to 65 years old, stratified by region, age, gender and socio-economic level. Two 24-hour intake records and one socio-economic questionnaire were carried out. Among the total food and beverages consumed, 26.9% of added sugars was contributed by soft drinks and 23.8% by infusions. The third place, with 15.4%, was obtained by baked goods (bread, cookies, etc.) and the fourth, with 12%, from ready-to-prepare juices, ahead of sweets, candies and dairy products. Men, compared to women, consumed significantly more added sugars in soft drinks (32.6 vs. 22.1%) and women more in infusions (25.5% vs. 21.8%), baked goods, sugar and honey. The lower income population consumed significantly more sugar in infusions at the expense of "mate" (21.4 vs. 7 g/day) and no differences were observed in the consumption of soft drinks by socio-economic level (32.9 vs. 34.4 g/day). Urgent measures based on education could improve the consumption habits of added sugars and the health of the population.

Total and added sugars consumption in Argentina: Their contribution to daily energy intake. Results from Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS).

AIM: The aim of the present study is to determine the intake of total sugars (TS) and added sugars (AS) in Argentina based on the local data of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the urban Argentine population (n = 1266). The sample was stratified by age group (15-65 years), gender, geographic region and socioeconomic level (SEL). TS and AS intake were obtained by two 24-hour recalls (R24) and analysed using the Nutrition Data System for Research Software 2013. RESULTS: On average, TS consumption in Argentina was 114.3 g/day, accounting for 39.8% of the total carbohydrate intake and 20.6% total energy (TE) intake. Overall, 77.2% of the TS intake consisted of AS (90.4 g/day), contributing to 30.4% of total carbohydrate intake and 15.9%TE. Men consume more TS and AS (in g/day), with no difference in the AS %TE between men and women. The consumption of sugars decreased with age, with adolescents consuming more AS and older adults more intrinsic sugars. The intake of AS was higher in low SEL. CONCLUSIONS: In Argentina, the intake of AS was 50% above the recommendations. Younger and socially vulnerable people are at higher risk of excessive intake.